Evaluación del efecto de intervenciones grupales basadas en TF-CBT e IPT en el funcionamiento psicosocial de adolescentes expuestos a violencia interpersonal en Chile: un protocolo de ensayo clínico piloto / TF-CBT and IPT based group intervention on psychosocial functioning in adolescents exposed to interpersonal violence in Chile: a pilot clinical trial protocol

Este artículo describe el protocolo para evaluar intervenciones con adolescentes expuestos a violencia interpersonal y sigue los lineamientos de CONSORT (Shulz et al., 2010). El objetivo es evaluar la efectividad de dos modelos de intervención grupal (Terapia Cognitivo Conductual Centrada en el Trauma, TF-CBT y Terapia Interpersonal, IPT) en la estabilización del funcionamiento psicosocial de adolescentes. Método. Este es un ensayo controlado aleatorizado con tres grupos: dos grupos de intervención (TF-CBT e IPT) y un grupo de control activo (arteterapia). Los participantes serán 84 adolescentes entre 13 a 17 años que están en lista de programas especializados. Los participantes serán asignados a uno de los tres grupos y participarán en 12 sesiones de terapia grupal. Se evaluará el progreso de los participantes en sintomatología de estrés postraumático y depresión, problemas de autorregulación e interpersonales. Las medidas se administrarán antes del inicio de la intervención, en sesiones seis, siete, doce y dos meses después de finalizada la intervención. También se evaluará la adherencia a la intervención y su aceptabilidad por parte de los participantes. Discusión. Este estudio busca contribuir al desarrollo de intervenciones basadas en evidencia en Chile para mejorar el acceso a la intervención especializada. Registro del protocolo: 19/05/2021, código ISRCTN10290141.

This paper describes the protocol developed in Chile to evaluate interventions for adolescents exposed to interpersonal violence and follows CONSORT guidelines (Shulz et al., 2010). The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of two group intervention models (Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Interpersonal Therapy) in stabilising the psychosocial functioning of adolescent participants. Methods/Design. It is a randomised controlled trial with three groups: two intervention groups (TF-CBT and IPT) and an active control group (art therapy). The participants will be eighty-four adolescents between 13 to 17 years old on the waiting list for treatment in specialist trauma services. Participants will be assigned to one of three groups and participate in 12 group therapy sessions. Participants' progress in post-traumatic stress and depression symptomatology, self-regulation and interpersonal problems will be assessed. Measures will be administered before the start of the intervention, in sessions six, seven, twelve and two months after the end of the intervention. Adherence to the intervention and its acceptability by the participants will also be evaluated. Discussion. This study seeks to contribute to developing scalable, evidence-based interventions in the Chilean context to improve access to specialist intervention. Trial Registration. 19/05/2021, code ISRCTN10290141.

Inventario de Frecuencia de Ideación Suicida: evidencias psicométricas en adultos peruanos / Frequency of Suicidal Ideation Inventory: Psychometric evidence in Peruvian adults / Inventário de Frequência de Ideação Suicida: evidências psicométricas em adultos peruanos

RESUMEN Introducción: Estudios recientes indican la prevalencia de ideación suicida en la población general. En el Perú, el aumento de suicidios consumados y la falta de instrumentos de evaluación basados en evidencias, es un problema a considerar. La evaluación de la ideación suicida es esencial para la prevención del suicidio y es recomendable contar con instrumentos confiables para la interpretación e inferencias fundadas de las puntuaciones obtenidas. Objetivo: Analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Frecuencia de Ideación Suicida (IFIS) en población general adulta peruana. Método: Diseño de investigación instrumental y transversal, donde participaron 376 adultos peruanos. Se analizó la evidencia basada en el contenido, estructura interna, confiabilidad, invarianza de medición según sexo y edad, y evidencia en la relación con otras variables. Resultados: El IFIS es una medida unidimensional (CFI=0,99, RMSEA=0,03 [IC del 90 %: 0,00-0,08], SRMR=0,03, WRMR= 0,37), con adecuada confiabilidad (ω=0,80 y H= 0,91) e invarianza según sexo y edad (ΔCFI< 0,010; ΔSRMR<0,030). Asimismo, las puntuaciones del IFIS se correlacionaron con la depresión (r=0,67; p=0,001), presentando un tamaño del efecto fuerte. Los revisores expertos consideraron todos los ítems relevantes. Conclusiones: El IFIS es un instrumento unidimensional con aceptables valores de confiabilidad y diferentes fuentes de evidencias de validez. Por lo tanto, se recomienda utilizar el IFIS como herramienta adicional para la evaluación de la ideación suicida en población general adulta peruana.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Updated research reveals permanence of suicidal ideation in the Peruvian population. In Peru the significant increases of completed suicides and the lack of evidence-based assessment instruments are problem to be considered. The assessment of suicidal ideation is essential for suicide prevention and it is advisable to have confidence instruments for the correct interpretation and informed inferences of the scores obtained. Objective: To assess the psychometric properties of the Frequency of Suicidal Ideation Inventory (FSII) in the Peruvian adult population. Method: An instrumental and cross-sectional research was designed, involving in it 376 Peruvian adults. Content-based evidence, internal structure, confidence, not invariant measurement according sex and age, and evidence of the relationship among other variables. Results: FSII is a unidimensional measurement (CFI=0.99, RMSEA=0,03 [90% confidence interval (CI): 0.00 to 0.08], SRMR=0.03, WRMR=0.37), with an adequate confidence (ω=0.80 and H= 0.91) and invariant measurement according sex and age (ΔCFI<0.010; ΔSRMR<0.030). At the same time, the FSII scores were correlated with depression stages (r=0.67; p=0.001) presenting a strong effect size. The expert reviewers considered all items as relevant. Conclusions: The FSII is a unidimensional tool with an adequate confidence values and different sources which can provide valid evidence. Therefore, it is recommended to use the FSII as an additional tool for the assessment of suicidal ideation in the general Peruvian adult population.

RESUMO Introdução: Estudos recentes indicam a prevalência de ideação suicida na população em geral. No Peru, o aumento de suicídios consumados e a falta de instrumentos de avaliação baseados em evidências é um problema a ser considerado. A avaliação da ideação suicida é essencial para a prevenção do suicídio e é aconselhável contar com instrumentos confiáveis para a interpretação e inferências fundamentadas dos escores obtidos. Objetivo: Analisar as propriedades psicométricas do Inventário de Frequência de Ideação Suicida (IFIS) na população adulta peruana em geral. Método: Desenho de pesquisa instrumental e transversal, onde participaram 376 adultos peruanos. Foram analisadas as evidências baseadas no conteúdo, estrutura interna, confiabilidade, invariância das medidas segundo sexo e idade e evidências em relação às demais variáveis. Resultados: IFIS é uma medida unidimensional (CFI=0,99, RMSEA=0,03 [90% CI: 0,00-0,08], SRMR=0,03, WRMR=0,37), com confiabilidade adequada (ω=0,80 e H=0,91) e invariância de acordo com sexo e idade (ΔCFI<0,010; ΔSRMR<0,030). Da mesma forma, os escores do IFIS se correlacionaram com a depressão (r=0,67; p=0,001), apresentando um forte tamanho de efeito. Os revisores especialistas consideraram todos os itens relevantes. Conclusões: O IFIS é um instrumento unidimensional com valores de confiabilidade aceitáveis e diferentes fontes de evidências de validade. Portanto, é recomendado o uso do IFIS como uma ferramenta adicional para a avaliação da ideação suicida na população adulta peruana em geral.

La escucha psicoanalítica y los recursos psicodramáticos en un grupo de hombres que experimentaron violencia infantil en Costa Rica / The Psychoanalytic Listening and the Psychodramatic Techniques in a Group of Men Who Experienced Childhood Violence in Costa Rica

Resumen Objetivo. Sistematizar los aportes de la escucha analítica con elementos psicodramáticos y corporales en un grupo de hombres que experimentaron violencia durante su infancia. Método. Sistematización y análisis por categorías temáticas, a partir de observación participante, registros escritos y de audio, del discurso verbal y corporal de 9 hombres en un grupo de terapia psicoanalítica con técnicas psicodramáticas. Resultados. Se concluye que la violencia promueve una relación de maltrato con el propio sujeto y la experiencia de dolor es inscrita en el cuerpo como posibilidad de expresión. El abordaje grupal facilitó la reelaboración del sufrimiento psíquico mediante el uso del cuerpo para reconocer y verbalizar emociones de la escena traumática en un encuentro de subjetividades.

Abstract Objective. Systematize the contributions of the psychoanalytic clinic with psychodramatic and body techniques in a group of men who experienced violence in their childhood. Method. Systematization and analysis by theme categories, based on participant observation, written and audio recording, from the verbal and body speech of nine men in psychoanalytic group therapy by using psychodramatic techniques. Results. In conclusion, violence promotes an abusive relationship with the person himself, and the experience of pain is inscribed in the body as a possibility of expression. The group approach facilitated the reworking of psychic suffering through the body to recognize and verbalize emotions from the traumatic scene in an encounter of subjectivities.

O impacto na qualidade de vida de cuidadores inseridos em um ambiente de terapia grupal para afásicos / The impact on the quality of life of caregivers inserted in an aphasia group environment therapy

RESUMO Objetivo o presente estudo comparou a qualidade de vida e percepções de cuidadores de sujeitos afásicos inseridos em um contexto de terapia grupal para afásicos. Métodos trata-se de um estudo transversal, observacional e quantitativo, realizado com 13 cuidadores de indivíduos afásicos que receberam atendimento grupal e 13 cuidadores de sujeitos afásicos que não receberam atendimento fonoaudiólogo grupal. Para coleta dos dados, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com os cuidadores e utilizou-se o Questionário de Sobrecarga do Cuidador (Burden Interview - Zarit). Resultados constatou-se que 45,2% dos cuidadores referiram sobrecarga de moderada a severa. No entanto, a sobrecarga avaliada por meio do questionário foi de leve a moderada e sem diferença significativa entre o grupo com e sem terapia fonoaudiológica. Conclusão existe importante impacto na qualidade de vida de cuidadores de pacientes com afasia. Novos estudos são necessários para aprofundamento do papel da terapia fonoaudiológica em grupo na qualidade de vida de cuidadores.

ABSTRACT Purpose The present study compared the quality of life and the perception of caregivers of aphasics in a context of group therapy for people with aphasia. Methods This is a cross-sectional, observational, and quantitative study, carried out with 13 aphasic caregivers who received group care and 13 aphasic caregivers who did not receive a group speech therapist. For data collection, individual interviews with caregivers were carried out, using the Burden Interview - Zarit. Results It was found that 45.2% of caregivers reported moderate to severe burden. However, the burden assessed by means of the questionnaire was mild to moderate and there was no significant difference between the group with and without speech therapy. Conclusion There is an important impact on the quality of life of caregivers of patients with aphasia. Further studies are needed to deepen the role of group speech therapy in the quality of life of caregivers.

Intervención de enfermería para disminuir la depresión en pacientes con diálisis peritoneal en un hospital de Veracruz / Nursing intervention to reduce depression in patients with peritoneal dialysis in a Veracruz hospital

Introducción: la depresión en personas con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) tiene efectos en el cumplimiento y aceptación del régimen terapéutico empleado. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de una intervención psicoeducativa de enfermería en la disminución de los síntomas de depresión en pacientes adscritos al Programa de Diálisis Peritoneal del Hospital General de Zona No.32 de Minatitlán, Veracruz. Metodología: estudio cuasi experimental; la muestra se integró con 8 pacientes y el muestreo se estableció por conveniencia. Se utilizó el inventario de depresión de Beck II y se aplicó una intervención de enfermería. Resultados: participaron más mujeres (75%), con 50% que utiliza DPA y 50% DPCA. La depresión mínima (37.5%) y la depresión leve (37.5%) predominaron antes de la intervención; luego de la intervención predominó el grado de depresión mínima (87.5%). La media fue de 14.88 en la prueba preliminar y 5.88 en la posterior (p = 0.007). Conclusiones: la intervención de enfermería mostró eficacia al disminuir los grados de depresión en los pacientes con ERC.

Introduction: Depression in a person with chronic kidney disease (CKD), has an impact on the fulfillment and acceptance of the therapeutic regimen used. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a psychoeducational nursing intervention to reduce depression symptoms in patients assigned to the peritoneal dialysis program of the General Hospital of Zone No.32 of Minatitlán, Ver. Methods: Quasi-experimental, study. Sample was 8 patients. Sampling was by Convenience. The Beck-II Depression Inventory was used; a nursing psychoeducational intervention was applied. Results: Most of the participants were women (75%); 50% uses DPA and 50% DPCA. Minimum depression (37.5%) and mild depression (37.5%) predominated before the intervention; after intervention, the minimum depression level predominated (87.5%). The average in the Pretest was 14.88 and 5.88 in the Posttest (p = .007). Conclusion: The nursing psychoeducational intervention showed efficacy to decrease depression levels in the group of CKD patients studied.

Effectiveness of brief group intervention in the harmful alcohol use in primary health care / Efetividade da intervenção breve grupal no uso nocivo de álcool na atenção primária à saúde

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To verify the effectiveness of brief group intervention, performed by nurses, in reducing the hazardous or harmful alcohol use in users of a primary health care service. METHODS Clinical and randomized trial with follow-up of three months. The sample had 180 individuals with a pattern of hazardous or harmful alcohol use, recruited in a Basic Health Unit in the city of São Paulo. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Audit) were applied. The experimental group underwent the Brief Group Intervention, which had four group sessions, with weekly meetings. The control group received an information leaflet about issues related to alcohol consumption. Both groups participated in the follow-up of three months. The linear mixed model was used for data analysis, in which a 5% significance level was adopted. RESULTS Forty-four individuals under hazardous or harmful alcohol use completed all phases of the research. The experimental group had a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.01) of about 10 points in Audit score after the brief group intervention [before BGI = 15.89 (SD = 6.62) - hazardous use; after BGI = 6.40 (SD = 5.05) - low hazardous use] maintaining the low hazardous use in follow-up [6.69 (SD = 6.38) - low hazardous use]. The control group had a statistically significant reduction (p ≤ 0.01) of about three points in Audit score [before BGI = 13.11 (SD = 4.54) - hazardous use; after BGI = 9.83 (SD = 5.54) - hazardous use] and in follow-up presented the mean score of 13.00 (SD = 5.70), indicative of hazardous use. Differences between the two groups (experimental group versus control group) in reduction of consumption were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our evidence showed that the brief group intervention performed by the nurse in the primary health care context was effective to reduce alcohol consumption in individuals with patterns of hazardous or harmful use.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Verificar a efetividade da intervenção breve grupal realizada por enfermeiros, na redução do uso de risco e nocivo de álcool em usuários de um serviço de atenção primária à saúde. MÉTODOS Ensaio clínico, randomizado, comfollow-up de três meses. A amostra foi composta de 180 indivíduos que apresentaram padrão de uso de risco ou nocivo de álcool, recrutados em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de São Paulo. Foi aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico e o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Audit). O grupo experimental foi submetido à Intervenção Breve Grupal, a qual foi composta por quatro sessões grupais, com encontros semanais. O grupo controle recebeu um folheto informativo sobre problemas relacionados ao consumo de álcool. Ambos os grupos participaram do seguimento de três meses. O modelo linear misto foi utilizado para análise dos dados, em que foi adotado nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS Quarenta e quatro indivíduos que faziam uso de risco ou nocivo de álcool, completaram todas as fases da pesquisa. O grupo experimental apresentou redução estatisticamente significativa (p ≤ 0,01) de cerca de 10 pontos no escore do Audit após a intervenção breve grupal [antes IBG = 15,89 (dp = 6,62) - uso de risco; após IBG = 6,40 (dp = 5,05) - uso de baixo risco] mantendo o uso de baixo risco no seguimento [6,69 (dp = 6,38) - uso de baixo risco]. O grupo controle apresentou redução estatisticamente significativa (p ≤ 0,01) de cerca de três pontos no escore do Audit [antes = 13,11 (dp = 4,54) - uso de risco; após = 9,83 (dp = 5,54) - uso de risco] e no seguimento apresentou o escore médio de 13,00 (dp = 5,70) indicativo de uso de risco. As diferenças entre os dois grupos (grupo experimental versus grupo controle) na redução do consumo foram estatisticamente significativas (p ≤ 0,01). CONCLUSÕES Evidenciou -se que a intervenção breve grupal realizada pelo enfermeiro no contexto da atenção primária à saúde foi efetiva para a redução do consumo de álcool em indivíduos com padrão de uso de risco ou nocivo.

Cognitive-behavioral group therapy for intermittent explosive disorder: description and preliminary analysis

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of a group therapy based on cognitive-behavioral techniques customized for intermittent explosive disorder (IED). The current report presents the preliminary results of a clinical trial comparing pre- and post-intervention scores in different anger dimensions. Methods: The studied sample consisted of 84 treatment-seeking subjects. The mean (standard deviation) age was 43.0 (11.9) years, and 78% were male. The therapeutic group program consisted of 15 weekly sessions plus three maintenance sessions. The sessions lasted approximately 90 minutes each. Results: No differences were found in demographic profile and pre-treatment status between subjects who completed treatment (n=59) and dropouts (n=25). Comparison of State-Trait Anger Expression Scale (STAXI) scores pre- and post-treatment showed statistically significant changes in all anger scales and subscales of the questionnaire. Conclusion: This preliminary report is a significant addition to currently scarce clinical data. Our findings provide further evidence that structured cognitive-behavioral group therapy, with a focus on anger management and cognitive coping, may be a promising approach to the treatment of IED.

Superwellness Program: a cognitive-behavioral therapy-based group intervention to reduce weight gain in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral therapy-based intervention (Superwellness Program) on weight gain compared with a treatment-as-usual (TAU) approach in patients treated with antipsychotics, and to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) variation and clinical variables. Method: Eighty-five patients treated with antipsychotics were allocated across two groups, experimental (n=59) and control (n=26). The Superwellness Program (experimental group) consisted of 32 twice-weekly 1-hour sessions, conducted by a psychologist and a nutritionist/nurse, concurrently with moderate food intake and moderate physical activity plans. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biological variables were collected at baseline, at the end of intervention (16 weeks), and after 6 months. Results: BMI change from baseline differed significantly between the experimental and control groups, with a larger decrease in the experimental group (F = 5.5, p = 0.021). Duration of illness moderated the effect of treatment on BMI (p = 0.026). No significant (p = 0.499) effect of intervention during the follow-up period was found. Interestingly, the intervention indirectly induced a significant (p = 0.024) reduction in metabolic risk by reducing BMI. Conclusion: A cognitive-behavioral therapy-based intervention could be useful in reducing weight in a clinical population taking antipsychotics, with consequent benefit to physical and mental health.

Tratamiento Grupal Intensivo del Tabaquismo / Intensive Smoking Cessation Group Therapy

Resumen Se describe la metodología utilizada en el Instituto Nacional del Tórax para el tratamiento del tabaquismo, modalidad grupal. Se realizan 7 sesiones semanales, donde se utilizan los principios de la Entrevista Motivacional. Hay una primera etapa de preparación (3 sesiones), se fija día D y luego 4 sesiones de acompañamiento, manejo del síndrome de privación, prevención de recaídas y mantención de la abstinencia.

We describe the methodology used at the Instituto Nacional del Tórax for smoking cessation, group therapy. We carried out 7 weekly sessions, where the principles of the Motivational Interview are used. There is a first stage of preparation (3 sessions), fixed D-day and then 4 sessions of follow up, for the management of deprivation syndrome, relapse prevention and maintenance of abstinence.

Perceptions about implementation of a Narrative Community-based Group Therapy for Afro-Colombians victims of Violence / Percepções sobre a implementação de uma Terapia Narrativa grupal baseada na Comunidade para afro-colômbianos vítima da Violência

Abstract Given the context and the number of armed conflict victims in the Colombian Pacific coast and their difficulties to access psycho-social care, Narrative Community-based Group Therapy appears as a viable mental health intervention. The objective of this study is to describe the process of implementation and results of the intervention in Afro-Colombian victims of violence, in the municipalities of Buenaventura and Quibdó. More specifically, we will be looking at the perspectives of workers and supervisors, through evaluative case studies and individual in-depth interviews. The therapy allows us to identify support and coping systems through coexistence, communication and interaction. It requires an adaptation process to the diversity of knowledge and expressions of victims of Colombian violence, greater empathy from care providers and rigor in their profiles selection, facilities ensuring security and confidentiality, and links with other educational, employment and recreational organizations. It is important to include these results while improving current and future intervention processes.

Resumo Dado o contexto e os números das vítimas de conflitos armado na costa do Pacífico da Colômbia, e as dificuldades de acesso aos cuidados psicossociais, a Terapia Narrativa de grupo Baseado na Comunidade aparece como uma intervenção de saúde mental viável. O objetivo do estudo é descrever o processo de implementação e os resultados da intervenção em vítimas afro-colombianas de violência, nos municípios de Buenaventura e Quibdó - Colômbia, a partir da perspectiva de trabalhadores e supervisores, através de estudos de avaliação e entrevistas em profundidade individuais. A terapia permite a identificação sistemas de apoio para o enfrentamento e o luto e através de convivência, comunicação e interação. Ele requer um processo de adaptação à diversidade necessária de conhecimento e expressões populares de vítimas da violência colombiana, maior empatia por parte dos prestadores de cuidados e rigor na seleção de seus perfis, instalações para garantir a segurança e confidencialidade, e links para outras organizações educacionais, trabalho e lazer. É importante incluir esses resultados na melhoria da intervenção processo atual e futuro.

Evaluation of the effects of group psychotherapy on cognitive function in patients with multiple sclerosis with cognitive dysfunction and depression / Avaliação do efeito da psicoterapia de grupo sobre as funções cognitivas de pacientes com esclerose múltipla que apresentam simultaneamente alterações cognitivas e depressão

Objective This study will evaluate how decreasing depression severity via group psychotherapy affects the cognitive function of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who are also diagnosed with depression and cognitive dysfunction. Method MS patients completed the Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The group members diagnosed with depression and cognitive dysfunction underwent group psychotherapy for 3 months. Upon completion of psychotherapy, both tests were readministered. Results Depression and cognitive dysfunction were comorbid in 15 (13.9%) of patients. Although improvement was detected at the end of the 3-month group psychotherapy intervention, it was limited to the BDI and the Paced Auditory Test. Conclusion Group psychotherapy might decrease cognitive impairment in MS patients. .

Objetivo Avaliar como a melhora da depressão grave através da psicoterapia afeta a função cognitiva de pacientes com esclerose múltipla (EM) diagnosticados com depressão e disfunção cognitiva. Método Foram aplicados a pacientes com EM o “Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Test” e o ınventário de depressão de beck (BDI). Os pacientes com depressão e disfunção cognitiva foram submetidos a psicoterapia de grupo por 3 meses. Depois desse período, foram reaplicados os mesmos testes. Resultados Depressão e disfunção cognitiva foram detectadas conjuntamente em 15 (13,9%) dos pacientes. Embora os pacientes se tivessem recuperado ao fim dos 3 meses de psicoterapia de grupo, somente através do BDI e do “Paced Auditory Test” foi possível detectar uma recuperação significativa. Conclusão Psicoterapia de grupo pode diminuir o comprometimento cognitivo em pacientes com EM. .

Intervenciones psicológicas perinatales en depresión materna y vínculo madre-bebé: una revisión sistemática / Psychological perinatal interventions in maternal depression and mother-child bond: a systematic review

La depresión perinatal constituye un trastorno de alta prevalencia con repercusiones negativas en la madre y en el bebé. A partir de estos antecedentes se revisa la literatura existente sobre intervenciones psicológicas focalizadas en reducir la depresión y/o favorecer un vínculo madre-infante positivo desde el embarazo hasta los dos años del niño/a. Se consideran 27 estudios publicados entre los años 1996 y 2012, que incluyen grupos experimental y control. Los resultados muestran que un mayor número de intervenciones se focalizan en la depresión perinatal como variable, distinguiendo entre intervenciones en el embarazo y postparto. Un menor número de estudios se dirige a la calidad del vínculo madre-infante y a ambas variables. Las intervenciones reportadas como exitosas, incluyen intervenciones grupales e individuales dirigidas a favorecer la sensibilidad materna y técnicas corporales.

Perinatal depression constitutes a high prevalence disorder, with negative repercussions in the mother and the baby. From these precedents, this article reviews different psychological interventions developed to reduce depression and/or to promote a mother-infant bond-quality, from pregnancy to children's second year of life. There are considered 27 studies published between 1996 and 2012, with inclusion of experimental and control groups. Results show that most of the interventions are focused in perinatal depression as a variable, differentiating between interventions during pregnancy and at postpartum. A minor number of studies focused on the mother-baby bond quality and to modify both variables in a simultaneous way. Interventions that were reported to be successful considered group and individual interventions focused on promoting maternal sensitivity and corporal techniques.

Group cognitive behavior therapy for bipolar disorder can improve the quality of life

Bipolar disorder (BD) can have an impact on psychosocial functioning and quality of life (QoL). Several studies have shown that structured psychotherapy in conjunction with pharmacotherapy may modify the course of some disorders; however, few studies have investigated the results of group cognitive behavior therapy (G-CBT) for BD. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of 14 sessions of G-CBT for BD patients, comparing this intervention plus pharmacotherapy to treatment as usual (TAU; only pharmacotherapy). Forty-one patients with BD I and II participated in this study and were randomly allocated to each group (G-CBT: N = 27; TAU: N = 14). Thirty-seven participants completed the treatment (women: N = 66.67%; mean age = 41.5 years). QoL and mood symptoms were assessed in all participants. Scores changed significantly by the end of treatment in favor of the G-CBT group. The G-CBT group presented significantly better QoL in seven of the eight sub-items assessed with the Medical Outcomes Survey SF-36 scale. At the end of treatment, the G-CBT group exhibited lower scores for mania (not statistically significant) and depression (statistically significant) as well as a reduction in the frequency and duration of mood episodes (P < 0.01). The group variable was significant for the reduction of depression scores over time. This clinical change may explain the improvement in six of the eight subscales of QoL (P < 0.05). The G-CBT group showed better QoL in absolute values in all aspects and significant improvements in nearly all subscales. These results were not observed in the TAU control group.

[ effect of poetry reading group on social behaviors of schizophrenic patient]

Schizophrenia is one the complex psychiatric disorders that have many negative effect in patients' social functions and behaviors. Although the antipsychotic drugs are main treatments for this disorder, but psychological interventions are effective in improvement of clinical symptoms. The purpose of the present study was to test the effectiveness of poetry reading group on social behaviors of schizophrenic patient. In this clinical trail 29 schizophrenic patients were selected via convenience sampling and then, subjects were randomly assigned to poetry therapy group [n=14] and control group [n=15]. For experimental group, poetry therapy was held in one hour session, twice weekly for 6 weeks. The Activity daily living Impairment scale [behavioral problems] was used as questioners. Statically analysis was done by t-test and paired t-test in SPSS14 statistical soft ware environment. Paired t-test showed significant decrease in behavioral problem of subject group patients after poetry therapy intervention [P<0.05]. There was no significant difference before and after intervention in control group [P>0.05]. After intervention we found significant differences between poetry reading group and control group [P<0.05]. The study confirmed the effectiveness of poetry reading group on social behaviors of schizophrenic patient

The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy in treating bipolar disorder: a randomized controlled study / A eficácia da terapia cognitivo-comportamental para o tratamento do transtorno bipolar: um estudo controlado e randomizado

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies suggest that, when combined with pharmacotherapy, structured psychotherapy may modify the course of bipolar disorder. However, there are few studies that have examined the effects of cognitive behavioral group therapy on the course of this disorder. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 14 sessions of cognitive behavioral group therapy, combined with pharmacotherapy, on the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder, and to compare our results against those from the use of pharmacotherapy alone. METHOD: Forty-one patients with bipolar I and II disorder participated in the study and were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups; thirty-seven patients remained in the study until its completion. Mood and anxiety symptoms were measured in all subjects. Statistical analysis was used to investigate if the groups differed with respect to demographic characteristics and the scores recorded in the pre- and post-treatment stages, as well as during treatment (intra/inter groups). RESULTS: Patients showed statistically similar population characteristics. The association of cognitive behavioral group therapy and pharmacological treatment proved to be effective. Patients who had undergone cognitive behavioral group therapy presented fewer symptoms of mania, depression and anxiety, as well as fewer and shorter mood change episodes. CONCLUSION: Cognitive behavioral group therapy sessions substantially contributed to the improvement of depression symptoms.

OBJETIVO: Estudos recentes sugerem que uma psicoterapia estruturada aplicada junto com a farmacoterapia pode alterar o curso do transtorno afetivo bipolar. Entretanto, poucos estudos investigam os resultados da terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo sobre este transtorno psiquiátrico. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a eficácia de 14 sessões de terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo concomitante à farmacoterapia para bipolares e comparar com a farmacoterapia sozinha. MÉTODO: Quarenta e um pacientes com transtorno bipolar I e II participaram do estudo e foram alocados aleatoriamente para um dos dois grupos; trinta e sete preencheram todas as escalas. Os sintomas de humor e ansiedade de todos os participantes foram avaliados. A análise estatística foi utilizada para investigar se os grupos diferiam com relação aos dados demográficos e entre os escores pré-, durante e pós-tratamento (intra/intergrupos). RESULTADOS: Os participantes dos dois grupos mostraram-se similares nas características demográficas. A adição da terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo ao tratamento farmacológico foi efetiva. O grupo da terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo apresentou menos sintomas de mania, depressão e ansiedade, bem como uma redução na frequência e duração dos episódios de humor. CONCLUSÃO: As sessões de terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo foram especialmente importantes na melhora dos sintomas depressivos.

Observación del quehacer psicosocial en la Funlam desde el punto de vista de la psicología social argentina / Observation of psychosocial work in Funlam from the point of view of Argentine social psychology

Las siguientes observaciones e hipótesis son el producto de una breve estadía en Medellín, motivo de la pasantía concertada entre la Escuela de Psicología Social del Sur y la Facultad de Psicología y Ciencias Sociales de la Funlam, a la cual asistí como alumno en algunas de sus actividades durante 17 días. El objetivo es contribuir al diálogo entre los saberes surgidos de las diferentes experiencias psicosociales de una y otra institución.

The following observations and hypotheses are the product of a brief stay in Medellín, reason for the internship arranged between the School of Social Psychology of the South and the School of Psychology and Social Sciences of Funlam, which I attended as a student in some of their activities for 17 days. The objective is to contribute to the dialogue between the knowledge arising from the different psychosocial experiences of one institution and another.

Full remission and relapse of obsessive-compulsive symptoms after cognitive-behavioral group therapy: a two-year follow-up / Remissão completa e recaídas dos sintomas obsessivo-compulsivos depois da terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo: dois anos de acompanhamento

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess whether the results obtained with 12 sessions of cognitive-behavioral group therapy with obsessive-compulsive patients were maintained after two years, and whether the degree of symptom remission was associated with relapse. METHOD: Forty-two patients were followed. The severity of symptoms was measured at the end of cognitive-behavioral group therapy and at 18 and 24 months of follow-up. The assessment scales used were the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Clinical Global Impression, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS: The reduction in symptom severity observed at the end of treatment was maintained during the two-year follow-up period (F = 57.881; p < 0.001). At the end of the treatment, 9 (21.4 percent) patients presented full remission, 22 (52.4 percent) presented partial remission, and 11 (26.2 percent) had unchanged scores in the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. After two years, 13 patients (31.0 percent) presented full remission, 20 (47.6 percent) had partial remission, and 9 (21.4 percent) had unchanged Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scalescores. The full remission of symptoms at the end of the treatment was a protective factor against relapse (χ2 = 4,962; df = 1; p = 0.026). CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore the importance of attaining full remission of obsessive-compulsive symptoms during treatment and the need for new therapeutic strategies to achieve this.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se os resultados obtidos com 12 sessões de terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo para pacientes com transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo foram mantidos depois de dois anos do final do tratamento e se o grau de remissão dos sintomas esteve associado às recaídas. MÉTODO: Quarenta e dois pacientes foram acompanhados. A gravidade dos sintomas foi avaliada no final da terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo, 18 e 24 meses após o término do tratamento. As escalas utilizadas para avaliação foram Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Clinical Global Impression, Beck Depression Inventory e Beck Anxiety Inventory. RESULTADOS: A redução da gravidade dos sintomas observada no final do tratamento foi mantida durante o período de dois anos de acompanhamento (F = 57,881; p < 0,001). Ao final do tratamento, 9 (21,4 por cento) pacientes apresentaram remissão completa, 22 (52,4 por cento) remissão parcial e 11 (26,2 por cento) não apresentaram mudança na Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Dois anos depois, 13 pacientes (31,0 por cento) apresentaram remissão completa dos sintomas, 20 (47,6 por cento) apresentaram remissão parcial, e 9 (21,4 por cento) não apresentaram mudança na Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. A remissão completa dos sintomas ao final do tratamento foi protetora contra recaídas (χ2 = 4,962; df = 1; p = 0,026). CONCLUSÃO: Nossos achados apontam para a importância da obtenção da remissão completa dos sintomas obsessivo-compulsivos e para a necessidade de novas estratégias terapêuticas que tenham como meta atingir tal objetivo.

Adding motivational interviewing and thought mapping to cognitive-behavioral group therapy: results from a randomized clinical trial / Adicionando a entrevista motivacional e o mapeamento cognitivo à terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo: resultados de um ensaio clínico randomizado

OBJECTIVE: Recent factor-analytic studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder identified consistent symptom dimensions. This study was designed in order to observe which obsessive compulsive symptom dimensions could be changed by adding two individual sessions of motivational interviewing and thought mapping of cognitive-behavioral group therapy using a randomized clinical trial. METHOD: Forty outpatients with a primary diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder were randomly assigned to receive cognitive-behavioral group therapy (control group) or motivational interviewing+thought mapping plus cognitive-behavioral group therapy. To evaluate changes in symptomdimensions, the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale was administered at baseline and after treatment. RESULTS: At post-treatment, there were statistically significant differences between cognitive-behavioral group therapy and motivational interviewing+thought mapping+cognitivebehavioral group therapy groups in the mean total Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale score, and in the contamination and aggression dimension score. Hoarding showed a statistical trend towards improvement. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that adding motivational interviewing+thought mapping to cognitive-behavioral group therapy can facilitate changes and bring about a decrease in the scores in different obsessive-compulsive disorder symptom dimensions, as measured by the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Nonetheless, additional trials are needed to confirm these results.

OBJETIVO: Recentes estudos utilizando análise fatorial no transtorno obsessivocompulsivo identificaram dimensões consistentes dos sintomas. Este estudo foi delineado para observar quais dimensões dos sintomas obsessivo-compulsivos podem ser modificadas adicionando duas sessões individuais de entrevista motivacional e mapeamento cognitivo à terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo usando um ensaio clínico randomizado. MÉTODO: Quarenta pacientes ambulatoriais com diagnóstico primário de transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo foram alocados aleatoriamente para receber terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo (grupo controle) ou entrevista motivacional+mapeamento cognitivo+terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo. Para avaliar mudanças nas dimensões dos sintomas, foi administrada a Escala Dimensional para Sintomas Obsessivo-Compulsivos de Yale-Brown antes do início e após o tratamento. RESULTADOS: Ao final do tratamento houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo e entrevista motivacional+mapeamento cognitivo+terapia cognitivocomportamental em grupo na média do escore total da Escala Dimensional para Sintomas Obsessivo-Compulsivos de Yale-Brown e no escore da dimensão de contaminação e agressão. Colecionismo apresentou melhora com tendência estatística. CONCLUSÃO: Esses achados sugerem que acrescentar entrevista motivacional+mapeamento cognitivo à terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo pode facilitar mudanças na redução dos escores nas diferentes dimensões dos sintomas, como indicado pela Escala Dimensional para Sintomas Obsessivo-Compulsivos de Yale-Brown. No entanto, são necessários estudos adicionais para confirmar estes resultados.